Group Descriptors Corrupted In Linux Operating System

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The EXT3 file system in Linux is divided into various block groups. Each block group further contains a data structure called group descriptors that contains critical information about the block. Corruption in group descriptors primarily occurs due to operating system malfunctioning, file system damage, malicious software like virus and more. Two major outcomes of corrupted group descriptors are unbootable system and inaccessible data. To successfully recover the lost data, restore it from the latest backup. In case, no recent backup is available or is invalid, you need to go for advanced Linux Recovery software.

Consider a practical scenario, where you encounter the below error message when you attempt to boot your system:

Uncompressing Linux:…Ok booting kernel

audit(xxx.x….x..:0) : initialized

EXT3-fs error (device hda3):ext3_check_descriptors:Block bitmap for grade 38 not int grade ( block 34799616)

EXt3-fs:group descriptors corrupted.

Mount: error 22 mounting ext3

pivot root ivot_root (/sysroot, /sysroot/initrd) failed: 2

unmount/initrd/proc_failed:2

kernel panic: No init found: Try passing init=0 to kernel

You encounter the same error message each time you attempt to boot your system. As a result of the above error, all your critical data becomes inaccessible.

Cause:

The above error message is encountered when group descriptors are corrupted.

Resolution:

To resolve the above issue and access the data, you need to use FSCK command. This command is mainly used to repair the EXT3 file system. But, if the file system has been badly corrupted, then this command fails to repair. In such circumstances, you need to recreate the file system again by formatting and reinstalling Linux. A clean reinstall of Linux will completely erase all data from the selected Linux volume. For complete and orderly recovery of data after reinstalling Linux, you will need to use powerful Linux Recovery software.

These Linux Data Recovery applications ensure comprehensive scanning of formatted Linux volumes by using powerful scanning algorithms. These recovery tools can recover and restore data after problems like group descriptors faults, Inode table damage and superblock corruption. They are built with highly graphical and interactive user interface that makes them easily understandable without prior technical skills.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the most efficient and trust worthy Linux Recovery tool. It supports Ext2, Ext3 and ReiserFS file systems based Linux volumes. This read only Data Recovery Linux application gets installed on Windows (Vista, XP, 2003 and 2000) and the affected Linux drive should be connected as slave.

Tech-o-matics Institute For A+, N+, Mcp,mcsa, Mcse, Mcts, Mcitp, Ccna, Ccnp, Linux In Delhi.

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Welcome to Tech-o-matics

Tech-o-matics , is a vibrant, forward looking Institute offering a high quality learning experience and a welcoming and friendly environment with 100% satisfaction guarantee . tech-o-matics offering a wide range of networking courses such as UNIX system, LINUX system, MICROSOFT systems, CISCO system and SECURITY. You can access the expertise you need to launch a successful career.

“If the pursuit of knowledge feels like a walk in the park then you probably aren”t trying hard enough. We think a Institute should be about empowering people to explore what they don”t know; through passionate, dedicated teaching and innovative, world-changing research. ”

We believe that the best institute is not just the privilege of elites. We”re proof that you can stand alongside the best and open up the competition for everyone.

Some institute consider their primary purpose to be high quality research, others concentrate on excellent teaching. At tech-o-matics we think that the two are not only complementary, they”re inseparable.

We believe that teaching is more inspirational when delivered by passionate scholars engaged in world-changing research “” and that research is stronger when delivered in an academic community that includes students – students who question and probe us every day.

With these ideas at heart, tech-o-matics is re-framing the values that govern academia and re-defining what a student needs to be in the 21st century. We are constantly finding new ways of being a leading Technical institute.

Wish you a delighted training experience with tech-o-matics.

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Linux Certification to Strengthen One’s Resume

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Linux is a clan of operating systems similar to UNIX, based and is fast emerging as an embedded platform for many netbooks and smartphones. The use and development of Linux is at a demanding rate and this comes with an added demand for professionals who are adept at Linux. A Linux certification is always a bonus in such a scenario to display one’s aptitude in the Linux operating system. Linux training is always helpful for future job prospects and is an added feature in one’s resume. Many companies and franchises provide Linux certification courses to help one harness his/her Linux skills.

Many companies provide certification programs in Linux throughout the country. Rates and duration may depend from franchise to franchise and also upon location and the level of additional experience provided. Almost all course providers have an assessment oriented curriculum wherein the candidate is tested with regular or a final exam to display his/ her competence at the Linux language and showcase his skills. Many companies also offer certain experience to their applicants, as a part of their Linux certification courses, by engaging them some or the other practical work.

A beforehand practise or working experience is always a tag to carry around in case one is interested in Linux administration; it is bound to increase further job prospects. Companies may provide a complete training course or domain specific training in Linux. Course content may vary but mostly consists of in depth knowledge of Linux installation and process, network and group management etc. All courses are professionally formulated keeping in with the latest trends and technology.

A Linux Certification has undoubtedly many advantages to professionals and amateurs alike. Linux Training always increases your value and status as a Linux administrator and as a programmer. It gives one a chance to display his/ her expertise at this fast developing operating system. A certification course in Linux is an ideal place to start learning Linux at a deep knowledge level and it also provides one with the right platform to fast pace or jump start one’s career in Linux administration. A lot of companies and enterprises employ professionals practised at Linux and project them as a selling tool for better market acquisition. A certification in Linux morally boosts the morale of IT personnel who have to make extensive use of the related technology.

Converting Linux File System From Ext3 To Ext4

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The Ext4 (Fourth Extended File System) is an advanced and effective journaling file system that is developed as successor of Ext3 file system. It provides high performance and removes 64-bit storage limits of earlier file systems. The file system supports backward compatibility with the Ext3 and Ext2 file systems. Thus it is possible to mount Ext2 and Ext3 file system as Ext4. To gain benefit of these advanced features, you need to migrate file system from Ext3 to Ext4. Before migrating the file system, you should create full backup of your data as failure of this process may lead to data loss and require Linux Data Recovery to be sorted out.

Converting a non-root file system

If you are converting Ext3 file system, which can be unmounted, this is quite simple process. Follow underwritten steps for conversion:

Unmount the volume.
Run file system check using fsck.ext3 command to make sure that it is in sane situation.
Enable new features of Ext4 on file system using tune2fs command.
Run fsck.ext4 command. It will find errors that are usual. Let the command fix them.
Edit /etc/fstab file to make it Ext4 in place of Ext3 file system for /home.
Mount your new file system.

Converting root file system

Converting the root file system is quite tricky as you won’t be able to unmount it because your computer is running on it. Go through below steps to convert your root file system:
First thing is to change /etc/fstab file as Ext4 in place of Ext3 for root volume.
Remount the root file system as read-only.
Check your file system using fsck.ext3 command. It will then restart your system.
Enable all Ext4 features on root file system.
Check your root file system for errors using fsck.ext4 command.

Though, it is a good idea to convert your file system from Ext3 to Ext4, but in case if the process fails and you do not have complete backup of your valuable data, you might encounter serious data loss and need to carry out Data Recovery Linux.

Recovery is best possible using third party Linux Recovery Software. The applications recovers your data in most of the data loss situations, without demanding sound and prior technical skills from you. With read-only and non-destructive conduct, Linux Data Recovery software are absolute safe to use.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the most efficient solution to handle all types of data loss situations on your Linux system. It supports recovery from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2 and ReiserFS file system volumes. The software is compatible with all major distributions of Linux including Debian, RedHat, Fedora and Ubuntu.

Why Linux Is The Most Demanding It Certification Of 2012 A Synopsis

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In the midst of economic and technological uncertainty, the best way to seek newer ways to shape your career is to attain higher credentials and industry recognition by achieving IT certifications. Linux is one such technology that has better career prospects for the user base and the IT professionals and it dominates the market. Not only among the organizations but also among the IT aspirants Linux is quite a deal. Experts expect even more growth in future from Linux, hence its needless to say that IT professionals are seeking Linux learning when they think of pursuing IT certifications. Red Hat being the most significant Linux distribution is one of the IT training courses that is of high preference in the market, it really enjoys the best from the industry, like high in value, Red Hat certification – RHCA certification, RHCE certification, RHCSA training and certification holders get better pay packages and value among peer groups.
Lets clarify our doubts and see why Linux has gained so much popularity in recent times:

Linux – the jack of all trades!

Majority of the web servers are running on Linux than any other operating system and every day more and more organizations are adding up to this population. Needless to say that considering the present popularity of Linux, its future growth is going to be tremendous, hence the demands for the Red Hat training is certainly going to grow. Linux boom mainly in the Red Hat distributions has increased the demands for RHCA training and certification program.

Red Hat training and certification programs

Besides, being a substantial way to seek expertise in Linux Operating System for users, Red Hat Certification is also a unique way to encourage users, administrators and buyers of Linux systems.

One of the most in-demand Red Hat certifications is RHCA – Red Hat Certified Architect (RHCA). RHCA certification validates in-depth, hands-on training for senior Linux system administrators, those who are mainly responsible for the deployment and management of various systems in large enterprise environments. Red Hat’s Enterprise Architect training course equips IT professionals with in-depth knowledge of the fundamentals and provides with hands-on training for the deployment and management of many systems. This certification is considered the acclaimed, most recognized and mature certification in the Linux space.

How to go about it?

RHCA certification is difficult to achieve and one of the elite certifications of Red Hat. Hence, in order to seek such a high degree of credentials one has to go following a proper sequence of certifications. To begin with RHCSA certification is the best one, especially, for those who are unfamiliar with Linux. If one wants to go for a Linux System Administration job it paves the way for it. Similarly, to run an entire Linux network RHCE certification is lucrative. Also, to make your career as a professional Linux consultant, RHCA is the best choice. Altogether the examinations that make up for the certification are of more than 30 hours of test time. Needless to say, that it is only for those most dedicated and studious of the lot.