Month: August 2018

Converting Linux File System From Ext3 To Ext4

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The Ext4 (Fourth Extended File System) is an advanced and effective journaling file system that is developed as successor of Ext3 file system. It provides high performance and removes 64-bit storage limits of earlier file systems. The file system supports backward compatibility with the Ext3 and Ext2 file systems. Thus it is possible to mount Ext2 and Ext3 file system as Ext4. To gain benefit of these advanced features, you need to migrate file system from Ext3 to Ext4. Before migrating the file system, you should create full backup of your data as failure of this process may lead to data loss and require Linux Data Recovery to be sorted out.

Converting a non-root file system

If you are converting Ext3 file system, which can be unmounted, this is quite simple process. Follow underwritten steps for conversion:

Unmount the volume.
Run file system check using fsck.ext3 command to make sure that it is in sane situation.
Enable new features of Ext4 on file system using tune2fs command.
Run fsck.ext4 command. It will find errors that are usual. Let the command fix them.
Edit /etc/fstab file to make it Ext4 in place of Ext3 file system for /home.
Mount your new file system.

Converting root file system

Converting the root file system is quite tricky as you won’t be able to unmount it because your computer is running on it. Go through below steps to convert your root file system:
First thing is to change /etc/fstab file as Ext4 in place of Ext3 for root volume.
Remount the root file system as read-only.
Check your file system using fsck.ext3 command. It will then restart your system.
Enable all Ext4 features on root file system.
Check your root file system for errors using fsck.ext4 command.

Though, it is a good idea to convert your file system from Ext3 to Ext4, but in case if the process fails and you do not have complete backup of your valuable data, you might encounter serious data loss and need to carry out Data Recovery Linux.

Recovery is best possible using third party Linux Recovery Software. The applications recovers your data in most of the data loss situations, without demanding sound and prior technical skills from you. With read-only and non-destructive conduct, Linux Data Recovery software are absolute safe to use.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the most efficient solution to handle all types of data loss situations on your Linux system. It supports recovery from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2 and ReiserFS file system volumes. The software is compatible with all major distributions of Linux including Debian, RedHat, Fedora and Ubuntu.

Why Linux Is The Most Demanding It Certification Of 2012 A Synopsis

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In the midst of economic and technological uncertainty, the best way to seek newer ways to shape your career is to attain higher credentials and industry recognition by achieving IT certifications. Linux is one such technology that has better career prospects for the user base and the IT professionals and it dominates the market. Not only among the organizations but also among the IT aspirants Linux is quite a deal. Experts expect even more growth in future from Linux, hence its needless to say that IT professionals are seeking Linux learning when they think of pursuing IT certifications. Red Hat being the most significant Linux distribution is one of the IT training courses that is of high preference in the market, it really enjoys the best from the industry, like high in value, Red Hat certification – RHCA certification, RHCE certification, RHCSA training and certification holders get better pay packages and value among peer groups.
Lets clarify our doubts and see why Linux has gained so much popularity in recent times:

Linux – the jack of all trades!

Majority of the web servers are running on Linux than any other operating system and every day more and more organizations are adding up to this population. Needless to say that considering the present popularity of Linux, its future growth is going to be tremendous, hence the demands for the Red Hat training is certainly going to grow. Linux boom mainly in the Red Hat distributions has increased the demands for RHCA training and certification program.

Red Hat training and certification programs

Besides, being a substantial way to seek expertise in Linux Operating System for users, Red Hat Certification is also a unique way to encourage users, administrators and buyers of Linux systems.

One of the most in-demand Red Hat certifications is RHCA – Red Hat Certified Architect (RHCA). RHCA certification validates in-depth, hands-on training for senior Linux system administrators, those who are mainly responsible for the deployment and management of various systems in large enterprise environments. Red Hat’s Enterprise Architect training course equips IT professionals with in-depth knowledge of the fundamentals and provides with hands-on training for the deployment and management of many systems. This certification is considered the acclaimed, most recognized and mature certification in the Linux space.

How to go about it?

RHCA certification is difficult to achieve and one of the elite certifications of Red Hat. Hence, in order to seek such a high degree of credentials one has to go following a proper sequence of certifications. To begin with RHCSA certification is the best one, especially, for those who are unfamiliar with Linux. If one wants to go for a Linux System Administration job it paves the way for it. Similarly, to run an entire Linux network RHCE certification is lucrative. Also, to make your career as a professional Linux consultant, RHCA is the best choice. Altogether the examinations that make up for the certification are of more than 30 hours of test time. Needless to say, that it is only for those most dedicated and studious of the lot.

Linux Local Dns Cache Server

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A Domain name system server is piece of software that runs on a pc, that can translate a website name into the true ip address. In different words if you kind an internet address into your web browser, your internet provider’s DNS server will look into it information and seek for the area name that your are requesting. The main purpose you would want a local dns cache server is to decrease the ping price whenever you request a selected web page. Another reason to have a local dns cache server is as a result of the dns records shall be tailor-made to your use.

Once you request a particular internet address or area in your internet browser, one of two issues will occur on the internet providers DNS server. The first thing that might occur if you request a website is that the tackle is already situated within the internet providers dns records.

The second factor that could occur when you request an internet deal with is that domain shouldn’t be positioned inside your internet providers records. If the domain that you are requesting is just not together with your web suppliers Domain name system server, then the handle will have to be found at a distinct dns server, then can be added to your web providers dns server records.

In case you are already utilizing a linux os akin to Ubuntu, simply open up your terminal program and sort in dig web-address.com. For instance I used Yahoo, so I typed in dig yahoo.com. As you possibly can see from the image under that my ping fee took 30 milliseconds for my request to achieve the dns server. For the experts on the market, you will also notice that I am already utilizing a local dns server.

Now upon getting run the dig command once, rerun similar command once more to see what you’ll get. As soon as I ran dig yahoo.com once more you’ll now discover that my ping fee to my dns server is just one millisecond. Now chances are you’ll think saving solely 29 milliseconds doing one search, but should you add this time up over many searches, it pays itself off. For those on the market that still use dial up or satellite internet will gain probably the most profit by having their own local Domain name system server. For example a satellite tv for pc internet supplier comparable to Wild Blue or Hughes Net might need anywhere from a 200 msec – 1500 msec ping time, so if you may lower this time down to a couple milliseconds would find yourself saving a number of time.

Now it’s time to get right down to the center of setting up your very own local dns server. In this tutorial I might be displaying you ways setup your local dns cache server on one computer, but you can set your dns server to manage your complete local network. This is able to permit each laptop on your network to speak to the local dns server, saving time for everybody on the local network. When you’ve got a number of computers on you network and wish to setup a local community dns server, observe the Ubuntu gateway firewall tutorial, then come back to this page to setup you local dns server. Just just remember to install dnsmasq as an alternative of bind9.

The primary that you’ll want to do in establishing your local dns cache server is to install the dns server software.

sudo apt-get install dnsmasq vim

Once dnsmasq is installed, you’ll now have to configure the dnsmasq to act as a cache server.

vi /etc/dnsmasq.conf

Inside the dnsmasq.conf file search for the line that says listen-address=127.0.0.1 and remove the to make this line active.

listen-address=127.0.0.1

The subsequent thing that you will need to do is edit the /and so forth/resolv.conf file to allow your local dns to have the ability to discuss to your internet suppliers dns server, just in case your local dns server would not contain the net addresses your are looking for. If you first setup your local dns cache server, there won’t be addresses in your dns server, so your dns server will want to be able to discover this handle somewhere.

You web providers dns handle may be discovered using many various strategies, so I’ll explain just a few of these ways. If you’re are using a router attempt typing one in every of these addresses to entry your default gateway. Open a web browser and sort in 192.168.1.1 or 192.168.1.254 in the handle bar. If you’re utilizing a 2wire gateway the address will likely be 192.168.1.254, and in case you are using another router akin to a Linksys router, the address will probably be 192.168.1.1.

If you are on a Home windows based pc, simply open up the command prompt by going to Begin –> Accesories –> Command Prompt, or search for “cmd”. After getting the command immediate open, sort in ipconfig /all. After getting typed the ipconfig /all command simply look although the list for Domain name system servers. When you nonetheless don’t know what the hell I am talking about you can too use the handle of your default gateway or the dns addresses provided by OpenDNS.com. 208.67.222.222 and 208.67.220.220.

Now it is time to edit the /etc/resolv.conf file.

vi /etc/resolv.conf

Make sure you add 127.0.0.1 to the file, since it will tell the resolv.conf file to take a look at you local host first for the dns translation. As you’ll be able to see from my resolv.conf file that I’ve added 127.0.0.1, 10.0.0.1 and 192.168.1.254. Since I am operating a local dns server on my entire community, I have additionally added the handle of my dns server. In all actuality 127.0.0.1 and 10.0.0.1 addresses are referring to the same computer.

domain gateway.2wire.net
search gateway.2wire.net
nameserver 127.0.0.1